Gastric ischemia secondary to intestinal occlusion due to gallstone ileus.

Gallstone ileus is a rare complication of cholecystoduodenal fistula. Gastric ischemia due to intestinal obstruction is an extremely rare event that, if not diagnosed in time, can have a fatal outcome. We present the case of a patient with intestinal occlusion due to a gallstone obstructing the middle jejunum in which gastric ischemia was diagnosed intraoperatively due to the distension caused by the intestinal obstruction.

Intraoperative radiotherapy with the Intrabeam® device for the treatment of resectable pancreatic adenocarcinoma. / Radioterapia intraoperatoria con Intrabeam® para el tratamiento del adenocarcinoma de páncreas resecable.

INTRODUCTION: The application of intraoperative radiation therapy to the tumor bed after resection of pancreatic cancer has been shown to be beneficial in the local control of the disease. The objective of this study was to evaluate the preliminary outcomes after the application of a single intraoperative dose to the tumor bed with a new intraoperative radiotherapy device (Intrabeam®) in terms of viability, safety and short-term results. METHODS: We studied 5 patients who underwent pancreaticoduodenectomy for resectable pancreatic cancer in which a radiotherapy boost (5Gy) was intraoperatively applied to the tumoral bed using the portable Intrabeam® device, a low-energy point-source X-ray. Postoperative complications, hospital stay and mortality, recurrences and short-term survival were analyzed. RESULTS: Mean patient age was 68 years. All patients had a T3-stage tumor and one of them N1. In 3 patients, R0 resection was performed, while R1 resection was conducted in 2. Perioperative mortality was 0%. The only complications included delayed gastric emptying and postoperative hemorrhage. There were no pancreatic fistulas. During follow-up (mean: 11.2 months), there was a relapse in the patient who had undergone R1 resection. CONCLUSIONS: The application of radiotherapy with the Intrabeam® device in selected patients has not resulted in increased perioperative morbidity or mortality; therefore, this is a safe procedure for the treatment of resectable cancer.

Radioterapia intraoperatoria con Intrabeam(R) para el tratamiento del adenocarcinoma de páncreas resecable / Intraoperative radiotherapy with the Intrabeam(R) device for the treatment of resectable pancreatic adenocarcinoma

INTRODUCCIÓN: La aplicación de radioterapia intraoperatoria en el lecho tumoral tras la resección de un cáncer de páncreas ha demostrado ser beneficiosa en el control local de la enfermedad. El objetivo de este estudio fue valorar los resultados iniciales obtenidos tras la aplicación de una nueva modalidad de radioterapia intraoperatoria (Intrabeam(R)) en términos de viabilidad, seguridad y resultados a corto plazo. MÉTODOS: Se estudiaron 5 pacientes sometidos a duodenopancreatectomía cefálica por cáncer de páncreas resecable, en los que se aplicó intraoperatoriamente un boost de radioterapia (5Gy) en el lecho tumoral mediante la utilización del dispositivo portátil Intrabeam(R), fuente puntual de rayos X de baja energía. Se analizaron las complicaciones, estancia y mortalidad postoperatorias, recidivas y superviviencia a corto plazo. RESULTADOS: La edad media fue de 68 años. Todos los pacientes presentaban un estadio tumoral T3 y uno de ellos N1. En 3 pacientes se realizó una resección R0 y en 2 casos resultó ser una resección R1. La mortalidad peroperatoria fue del 0%. Solo se presentaron como complicaciones un retraso en el vaciamiento gástrico y una hemorragia postoperatoria. No hubo fístulas pancreáticas. Durante el seguimiento (media: 11,2 meses) se constató una recidiva en el paciente en el que se había practicado una resección R1. CONCLUSIONES: La aplicación de radioterapia con el dispositivo Intrabeam(R) en pacientes seleccionados no ha supuesto un aumento de la morbimortalidad peroperatoria, mostrándose como un procedimiento seguro en el tratamiento del cáncer resecable

INTRODUCTION: The application of intraoperative radiation therapy to the tumor bed after resection of pancreatic cancer has been shown to be beneficial in the local control of the disease. The objective of this study was to evaluate the preliminary outcomes after the application of a single intraoperative dose to the tumor bed with a new intraoperative radiotherapy device (Intrabeam(R)) in terms of viability, safety and short-term results. METHODS: We studied 5 patients who underwent pancreaticoduodenectomy for resectable pancreatic cancer in which a radiotherapy boost (5Gy) was intraoperatively applied to the tumoral bed using the portable Intrabeam(R) device, a low-energy point-source X-ray. Postoperative complications, hospital stay and mortality, recurrences and short-term survival were analyzed. RESULTS: Mean patient age was 68 years. All patients had a T3-stage tumor and one of them N1. In 3 patients, R0 resection was performed, while R1 resection was conducted in 2. Perioperative mortality was 0%. The only complications included delayed gastric emptying and postoperative hemorrhage. There were no pancreatic fistulas. During follow-up (mean: 11.2 months), there was a relapse in the patient who had undergone R1 resection. CONCLUSIONS: The application of radiotherapy with the Intrabeam (R) device in selected patients has not resulted in increased perioperative morbidity or mortality; therefore, this is a safe procedure for the treatment of resectable cancer

Obesity Surgery Score (OSS) for Prioritization in the Bariatric Surgery Waiting List: a Need of Public Health Systems and a Literature Review.

BACKGROUND: In the last decades, we have experienced an increase in the prevalence of obesity in western countries with a higher demand for bariatric surgery and consequently prolonged waiting times. Currently, in many public hospitals, the only criterion that establishes priority for bariatric surgery is waiting time regardless of obesity severity. METHODS: We propose a new, simple, and homogeneous clinical prioritization system, the Obesity Surgery Score (OSS), which takes into account simultaneously and equitably the time on surgical waiting list and the obesity severity based on three variables: body mass index, obesity-related comorbidities, and functional limitations. We have reviewed the current literature related to obesity clinical staging systems, and we have carried out an analysis of our patients in waiting list and divided their characteristics according to their degree of severity (A, B, or C) in the OSS. Patients with OSS grade C have a higher mean BMI, greater severity in comorbidities, and greater socio-labor impact. The current surgery waiting time of our series is of 26 months. Currently, 27 patients (51.9%) with OSS grade B and 15 patients (51.7%) with OSS grade C have been on our waiting list for more than 1 year. CONCLUSION: Since the obesity severity, the waiting time and its clinical consequences are associated with an increase in morbidity and mortality, it is important to apply a structured prioritization system for bariatric surgery waiting list. This allows prioritization of patients at greater risk, improves patient prognosis, and optimizes costs and available health resources.

Estallido postraumático de metástasis suprarrenal por hepatocarcinoma / Post-traumatic rupture of a suprarenal metastasis of hepatocarcinoma

No disponible

[Predictive factors of massive intestinal necrosis in acute mesenteric ischemia]. / Factores predictivos de necrosis masiva intestinal en la isquemia mesentérica aguda.

INTRODUCTION: Suspicion of intestinal necrosis in patients with mesenteric ischemia is mandatory in surgery. Many patients develop massive necrosis after open surgery. However, in some frail, elderly patients, preoperative prediction of massive intestinal necrosis could avoid an unnecessary laparotomy. The aim of this study was to assess predictive factors of massive intestinal necrosis in acute mesenteric ischemia. PATIENTS AND METHOD: We retrospectively evaluated a consecutive sample of 155 patients, 88 men and 67 women, with a mean age of 71.9 years (SD +/- 13.6), who underwent surgery for acute mesenteric ischemia in our institution from 1990 to 2004. Age, sex, clinical features, laboratory findings, and delay to surgery were recorded and assessed as possible risk factors for massive intestinal necrosis. A logistic regression model was used to identify independent prognostic factors. RESULTS: Of the 155 patients, massive intestinal necrosis was recorded in 48 (31%; 95% CI: 23.4-38.6). A statistically significant association was found between massive intestinal necrosis and age (p = 0.04), previous digoxin use (p = 0.01), shock (p = 0.009), hemoconcentration (hemoglobin levels > 16 g/dL) (p = 0.02), hyperamylasemia (p < 0.001), acidosis (p = 0.012), and alkalosis (p = 0.048). Multiple stepwise logistic regression analysis identified three independent prognostic factors that were significantly associated with a higher risk of massive intestinal necrosis: shock (OR = 3.4; 95% CI: 1.1-10), hemoconcentration (OR = 6; 95% CI: 1.6-22.8), and hyperamylasemia (OR = 4.2; 95% CI: 1.5-12.2). CONCLUSIONS: Massive intestinal necrosis can be observed in at least 25% of patients undergoing surgery for acute mesenteric ischemia. Within the limitations of a retrospective study, the variables of shock, hemoconcentration and elevated serum amylase levels may be considered as independent predictive factors of fatal necrosis of the bowel.

Factores predictivos de necrosis masiva intestinal en la isquemia mesentérica aguda / Predictive factors of massive intestinal necrosis in acute mesenteric ischemia

Introducción. La sospecha de necrosis intestinal en un paciente con isquemia mesentérica es indicación absoluta de cirugía. Una vez realizada la laparotomía, muchos pacientes presentan necrosis masiva. En un determinado tipo de pacientes, muy ancianos y debilitados, su reconocimiento preoperatorio podría evitar la laparotomía. Presentamos un estudio que analiza los factores preoperatorios relacionados con necrosis masiva. Pacientes y método. Se estudió retrospectivamente a 155 pacientes, 88 varones y 67 mujeres, con una media de edad de 71,9 ± 13,6 (intervalo de confianza [IC] del 95%, 69,7-74) años, intervenidos quirúrgicamente por isquemia mesentérica entre 1990 y 2004 en nuestra institución. Se recogieron las variables demográficas, antecedentes personales, síntomas clínicos, tiempo de espera y hallazgos de laboratorio y se analizó si se relacionaban o no con necrosis masiva intestinal. Para identificar los factores pronósticos independientes se utilizó un modelo de regresión logística. Resultados. De los 155 pacientes, 48 (31%) presentaron necrosis masiva (IC del 95%, 23,4-38,6). Se relacionaron con la necrosis masiva las variables edad (p = 0,04), ingesta previa de digoxina (p = 0,01), shock (p = 0,009), hemoconcentración (Hb > 16 g%; p = 0,02), hiperamilasemia (p 16 g/dl (OR = 6; IC del 95%, 1,6-22,8) e hiperamilasemia (OR = 4,2; IC del 95%, 1,5-12,2). Conclusiones. Entre los pacientes intervenidos por isquemia mesentérica, como mínimo un 25% presenta necrosis masiva. Con las limitaciones propias de un estudio retrospectivo, se puede concluir que la tríada shock, hemoconcentración e hiperamilasemia constituye un buen predictor de necrosis masiva (AU)

Introduction. Suspicion of intestinal necrosis in patients with mesenteric ischemia is mandatory in surgery. Many patients develop massive necrosis after open surgery. However, in some frail, elderly patients, preoperative prediction of massive intestinal necrosis could avoid an unnecessary laparotomy. The aim of this study was to assess predictive factors of massive intestinal necrosis in acute mesenteric ischemia. Patients and method. We retrospectively evaluated a consecutive sample of 155 patients, 88 men and 67 women, with a mean age of 71.9 years (SD ± 13.6), who underwent surgery for acute mesenteric ischemia in our institution from 1990 to 2004. Age, sex, clinical features, laboratory findings, and delay to surgery were recorded and assessed as possible risk factors for massive intestinal necrosis. A logistic regression model was used to identify independent prognostic factors. Results. Of the 155 patients, massive intestinal necrosis was recorded in 48 (31%; 95% CI: 23.4-38.6). A statistically significant association was found between massive intestinal necrosis and age (p = 0.04), previous digoxin use (p = 0.01), shock (p = 0.009), hemoconcentration (hemoglobin levels > 16 g/dL) (p = 0.02), hyperamylasemia (p < 0.001), acidosis (p = 0.012), and alkalosis (p = 0.048). Multiple stepwise logistic regression analysis identified three independent prognostic factors that were significantly associated with a higher risk of massive intestinal necrosis: shock (OR = 3.4; 95% CI: 1.1-10), hemoconcentration (OR = 6; 95% CI: 1.6-22.8), and hyperamylasemia (OR = 4.2; 95% CI: 1.5-12.2). Conclusions. Massive intestinal necrosis can be observed in at least 25% of patients undergoing surgery for acute mesenteric ischemia. Within the limitations of a retrospective study, the variables of shock, hemoconcentration and elevated serum amylase levels may be considered as independent predictive factors of fatal necrosis of the bowel (AU)

Cirugía de la isquemia mesentérica aguda en pacientes octogenarios / Surgery for acute mesenteric ischemia in octogenarians

Introducción: la isquemia mesentérica conlleva una alta mortalidad, especialmente en los pacientes ancianos. En este estudio se compara los resultados de la cirugía de la isquemia mesentérica en octogenarios con los de los no octogenarios. Material y métodos: se estudió a 132 pacientes intervenidos consecutivamente por isquemia mesentérica entre 1988 y 2002 en un servicio de cirugía general. Se establecieron 2 grupos en función de la edad: 80 o más años y menores de 80 años. Se analizó en cada grupo el sexo, la presentación del cuadro en forma de shock y la etiología de la isquemia, así como diferencias entre ambos grupos en cuanto a mortalidad inmediata por isquemia masiva, mortalidad operatoria, estancia y supervivencia a largo plazo, mediante un seguimiento predefinido. Resultados: la población octogenaria fue de 35 pacientes, 17 varones y 18 mujeres (edad media ± desviación estándar, 85,4 ± 4,3 años). Los menores de 80 años fueron 97, 56 varones y 41 mujeres (edad media, 67,1 ± 12,6 años). Ambos grupos fueron similares en cuanto al sexo, cuadro de shock al inicio y etiología de la isquemia. No se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas en cuanto a mortalidad inmediata por isquemia masiva (el 40,0% octogenarios, el 26,8% no octogenarios), así como en mortalidad operatoria (el 74,3% octogenarios, el 61,9% no octogenarios). Tampoco se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas en cuanto a supervivencia global, supervivencia a largo plazo tras ser dado de alta el paciente y estancia mediana. Conclusiones: se ha de considerar la cirugía de la isquemia mesentérica en el paciente mayor de 80 años una opción terapéutica válida en pacientes seleccionados

Introduction and objective: acute mesenteric ischemia carries high mortality, especially in old patients. The present study compared the results of surgery in octogenarian patients with those in non-octogenarian patients. Material and methods: one-hundred and thirty-two consecutive patients who underwent surgery for acute mesenteric ischemia between 1988 and 2002 in our general surgery department were studied. Patients were divided into two groups based on age: those aged 80 years old or older and those aged less than 80 years old. Gender, shock as the initial clinical presentation and the etiology of the ischemia were evaluated. Early mortality due to massive intestinal ischemia, operative mortality, length of hospital stay, and overall and long-term survival were recorded and analysed in both groups through a follow-up analysis. Results: the octogenarian group comprised 35 patients (17 men and 18 women) with a mean age of 85.4 ± 4.3 years). The non-octogenarian group included 97 patients (56 men and 41 women), with a mean age of 67.1 ± 12.6 years. Both groups were similar in sex, initial clinical presentation as shock, and ischemic etiology. There were no statistically significant differences between octogenarian and non-octogenarian patients with regard to immediate mortality due to massive ischemia (40.0% in the octogenarian group versus 26.8% in the non-octogenarian group), or in operative mortality (74.3% versus 61.9%, respectively). Likewise, overall survival, long-term survival, and median length of hospital stay showed no statistically significant differences between the two groups. Conclusions: surgical treatment for acute mesenteric ischemia should be considered a valid therapeutic option in octogenarian patients

Carcinoma basocelular del escroto. Una rara localización ligada a mal pronóstico / Basal cell carcinoma of the scrotum: A rare localization associated with poor prognosis

OBJETIVOS : Presentar un caso de carcinoma basocelular originado en la piel del escroto de un hombre de 52 años, poniendo de manifiesto, según los datos publicados, tanto la rareza de la localización como el peor pronóstico que lleva asociado en relación con tumores similares de otras ubicaciones cutáneas. MÉTODO: En una revisión de 56 lesiones escrotales se encontraron 4 neoplasias primarias: 3 tumores mesenquimales benignos y una sola neoplasia maligna, correspondiente al caso de carcinoma basocelular objeto de este estudio. CASO CLÍNICO: Paciente de 52 años, fumador y ex-bebedor, sin antecedentes urológicos o dermatológicos de interés, con una excrecencia en hemiescroto derecho de varios años de evolución. El diagnóstico clínico de presunción de carcinoma basocelular se confirmó tras el estudio histopatológico de la pieza. DISCUSIÓN Y CONCLUSIONES: El carcinoma basocelular es el carcinoma cutáneo más frecuente en adultos de edad media y avanzada, pero su presentación escrotal es infrecuente. En general, es un tumor que crece localmente y metastatiza solo de forma excepcional, pero cuando asienta en la piel del escroto resulta mucho más agresivo, lo que hace necesarios una cuidadosa evaluación y un adecuado seguimiento post-extirpación (AU)